Foxleys Consultancy Limited

Hosting is going to be a concern if one is going to pursue an e-commerce site.

Technology of storing, servicing and maintaining files for one or more web sites, selling products or a service online is termed as E-commerce web hosting

. Generally, Web site owners who pay for their web host on a monthly basis upload their web pages to a shared or dedicated web server through an internet service provider (ISP). Fast and consistent connection should be ensured by the web host. Storing information, images, videos and just any other content that can be retrieved from a web site is done by an e-commerce web server. Flexibility, security and high performance is desired by an experienced web entrepreneur from an e-commerce host. For e-commerce web servers, security is a main concern.

The site and the host (where the site is stored for access on the web) are the two major components in which E-commerce web hosting is divided. Web hosts offer storage space and Internet connectivity they are computers that make ones web site work with and connect to the Internet. People can buy goods and services online with the help of E-commerce, or web commerce. One can buy almost anything on internet and at any time.

E-commerce software must be supported by e-commerce web hosting. Generally, the web business owner is on their own to ascertain e-commerce software but often a web host provides the tools that handle online transactions and sales. Shopping carts, secure transactions, SSLs (secure socket layers), advertisement packages, business account services, and web promotion applications are the common tools provided with e-commerce web hosting.

It is helpful to decide how much data storage is essential and the data transfer rates one require for his/her site at the same time when choosing a web hosting company for his/her E-commerce business. One must have confidence in the connection and security of his/her hosting company as a web host is the physical location of a web site. It can payoff in a big way, if one makes sure that data reaches the end-user quickly and efficiently, just by doing some research. Web hosts must be proficient to accommodate a client’s web traffic (measured in volume of data transfer) in peak hours as well. To make sure that data is routed even if there is a router failure, by making backup systems strong.

For E-commerce transactions, security is a major issue. Private information should be kept safe from illegal parties. SSL, from Netscape, helps a lot with secure transactions. By using RSA security, SSL which is an encryption technology, encodes a message that a receiver decrypts. Digital signatures, or certificates, are required for integrity and verification of messages. Digital signatures by posing as a legitimate e-business or in any other way make sure that sensitive information is not picked up by any other party. Document, issued by a certificate authority, which recognizes a legitimate online business is termed as digital certificate. Many web companies store confidential information on offline disks or on a separate PC to guarantee security. Multiple backups of vital information should be maintained by E-commerce web hosts. PKI (public key infrastructure) and digital certificates are used by SSL to ensue privacy and authentication. Security can be a costly and multifaceted business; one should bear this in mind.

An important step for just about any e-business is selecting an e-commerce web host with a broad range of tools and a solid reputation. In short, it is best to look for a pre-packaged solution that allows one to create an online catalog, a shopping cart, and a secure credit card transaction and storage system when selecting an e-commerce web host.

WiMAX technology is identified as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access; it is formed in June 2001 to encourage conformance and interoperability of the WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) standard, officially known as Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). WiMAX technology intended to offer wireless data in a related fashion as compare to WiFi but on a outsized level and speed, therefore building national wireless networks with ease.

The driving forces behind WiMAX technology are link-to-multilink microwave networks from organizations for instance Alcatel and Siemens stay alive for years. Alternatively WiMAX offers a consistent technology according to its standard. WiMAX technology open loom could let product manufacturers make revenues of scale via producing number of WiMAX products & components to single IEEE 802.16 standard, this also allow component manufacturers buy low-cost, standards compliant components from rival component providers. This would defiantly help existing wireless service providers.

In addition, service providers lacking a mobile network can start a WiMAX technology network at comparatively stumpy price. WiMAX technology would also allow interoperability among different systems. WiMAX technology will offer high data speed network connections and in this manner serve as a backhaul for WiFi LAN (WLAN) hot spots, where people on the move can access carriers’ WiFi services on mobile technology basis. WiMAX technology possibly will offer a much cheaper, easier to build network infrastructure other than the physical medium of WiFi backhauls that cable, T1 or DSL systems presently offer. These issues, together with user’s requirements for broadband facilities, will offer the grounds to markets to grow with WiMAX and wireless-broadband. However, the WiMAX technology faces some solid challenges ahead of it can become commonly accepted by users.

Because WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 Standard and HiperMAN, the IEEE and ETSI have each become accustomed it’s standard to take in many of the other’s essential characteristics. IEEE 802.16 standard partitioned its MAC (Medium Access Control) layer into sub-layers that hold some different transport equipments and technologies, together with Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6 and other asynchronous transfer mode. This allows traders to use WiMAX technology it doesn’t matter about what technology they support for transmission. WiMAX technology has a wide communication range up to 50 kilometres because principles allows WiMAX network to transfer data at higher rates and because of this move towards use of directional antennas that generates persistent radio signals. WiMAX base station provide service to only 500 users at a time not more than that just because to they are sharing bandwidth and this factor may result in lower date rates among. Technically every single station will possibly provide communication an area inside a 10 miles radius. On the other hand WiFi has a range of only a few hundred feet while other third generation mobile networks have the range of few thousand feet.

As compare to other wireless standards their address broadcastings over particular frequency range, WiMAX network allocates data communication over several broad signal frequency ranges. The capacity to work in several ranges makes the most of the technology’s ability to communicate above the frequencies that will evade interference with other wireless network applications. WiMAX system’s communication date rate and range differ a lot depending on implementation usage of frequency bands. These advantages of flexibility allow providers to employ different frequencies that depend on the speed and range needed for a particular data communication. The WiMAX technology attains higher data transmission rates in part by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM amplifies data capacity and bandwidth via dividing broad capacity channels to many narrowband channels; every channel uses different frequencies that can transmit different pieces of a message at the same time.

The spaces between channels are extremely close mutually other than avoiding intervention as nearby channels are orthogonal to each other and therefore no overlapping between them. The primary IEEE 802.16 standard uses the 10 to 66 GHz frequency range. On those higher frequencies WiMAX network needed a straight line of sight among senders & receivers. This factor shrinks the multi path distortion that arises when transmitting signals not follow the line of sight echoed of outsized items and finish off out of organization, in this manner jumbling the inbound communication and reducing bandwidth.

Dropping multi path distortion could therefore enhance the bandwidth. In theory WiMAX network can offer single channel data rates up to 75 Mbits/s equally on the downlink and uplink. Service providers can use several 802.16 channels for single broadcast to offer bandwidths of up to 350 Mb per second.

The accepted IEEE 802.11b WiFi WLAN technology data rate are limited to 11Mbps, on the other hand newer 802.11a and 802.11g provide upto 54Mbps in favourable conditions but practically all of the them transmit at lesser speed. Third generation mobile network technologies will support around 115 Kbps.

As far as security is concerned in WiMAX technology it uses PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) authentication, which transmit via digital certificates by identifying parties over trusted authorities. The IEEE 802.16 system encrypts data by using 56 bit DES (Data Encryption Standard) keys. In the meantime WiMAX network is extremely scalable as it is simple to include broadcast channels to offer extra bandwidth as required.

The expenditure of setting up wireless technology is significantly increases when the wireless services are supplied at higher frequencies as the line of sight constraints required the setting up of further antennas to cover up the equivalent geographical area. The available frequencies for new wireless standards such as IEEE 802.16 are normally higher as some of the other wireless technologies are more sought-after to lower ranges that have been approved for other use.

During the development of WiMAX technology, the WiMAX Forum has strongly supported and encourage the WiMAX technology, which involves a cluster of commercial leaders such as AT&T, Cisco, Samsung, Intel, and some others giants. The WiMAX forum group’s workforce is comprised of many working groups that highly focused on regulatory, marketing, technological characteristics. WiMAX product certification program was extended by the certification working group which intends to certify interoperability among WiMAX products from manufacturers internationally.

WiMAX technology offers wireless data in a related form as compare to WiFi but its level and speed allow to build hybrid and wireless networks, of any size, anywhere. It is formed to encourage conformance and interoperability of Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. WiMAX offers a consistent technology according to its standard. WiMAX technology open could let product manufacturers make revenues of scale via producing number of WiMAX products & components to single IEEE 802.16 standard, this also allow component manufacturers buy low-cost, standards compliant components from rival component providers. This would definitely help existing wireless service providers.

WiMAX technology will offer high data speed network connections and in this manner serve as a backhaul for WiFi LAN (WLAN) hot spots, where people on the move can access carriers’ WiFi services on mobile technology basis, because this technology allows interoperability among different systems. And service providers lacking a mobile network can use a WiMAX technology network at comparatively low price. WiMAX technology possibly will offer a much cheaper, easier to build network infrastructure other than the physical medium of WiFi backhauls that cable, T1 or DSL systems presently offer.

Because WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 Standard and HiperMAN, the IEEE and ETSI have each become accustomed it’s standard to take in many of the other’s essential characteristics. IEEE 802.16 standard partitioned its MAC (Medium Access Control) layer into sub-layers that hold some different transport equipments and technologies, together with Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6 and other asynchronous transfer mode. This allows traders to use WiMAX technology and no matter what technology they support for transmission. WiMAX technology has a wide communication range up to 50 kilometers because principles allows WiMAX network to transfer data at higher rates and because of this move towards use of directional antennas that generates persistent radio signals. WiMAX base station provide service to only 500 users at a time not more than that just because to they are sharing bandwidthand this factor may cause lower date rates among. Technically every single station will possibly provide communication an area inside a 10 miles radius. To compare WiFi with WiMAX technology the last has a range of few thousand feet. while WiFi  has a range of only a few hundred feet.

Moreover  WiMAX network broadcasts data communication over several broad signal frequency ranges. And this exceptional capacity to work in several ranges allows to communicate above the frequencies that will evade  interference with other wireless network applications. Also the  flexibility of this system’s communication allows providers to employ different frequencies that depend on the speed and range needed for a particular data communication. Amplifying data capacity and bandwidth via dividing broad capacity channels to many narrowband channels, the WiMAX technology attains  higher data transmission rates in part by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).Every channel uses different frequencies that can transmit different pieces of a message at the same time.

One of the important advantages of data transmission is that the channels do not overlap, in spite of the fact that the spaces between channels are extremely close. The primary IEEE 802.16 standard uses the 10 to 66 GHz frequency range And it is very suitable because this frequency range shrinks the multi path distortion that arises when transmitting signals that do not follow the line of sight echoed items and finish off out of sink, thus jumbling the inbound communication and reducing bandwidth.

In theory WiMAX network can offer single channel data rates up to 75 Mbits/s equally on the downlink and uplink. Service providers can use several 802.16 channels for single broadcast to offer bandwidths of up to 350 Mb per second.

Third generation mobile network technologies will support around 115 Kbps. The accepted IEEE 802.11b WiFi WLAN technology data rate are limited to 11Mbps, on the other hand newer 802.11a and 802.11g provide up to 54Mbps in favorable conditions but practically all of the them transmit at lesser speed.

In the meantime WiMAX network is extremely scalable as it is simple to include broadcast channels to offer extra bandwidth as required. And as far as security is concerned in WiMAX technology it uses PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) authentication, which transmit via digital certificates by identifying parties over trusted authorities. The IEEE 802.16 system encrypts data by using 56 bit DES (Data Encryption Standard) keys.

The wireless services are supplied at higher frequencies as the line of sight constraints required the setting up of many antennas to cover up the equivalent area and this increases to a great extent the expenditure of setting up wireless technology. The available frequencies for new wireless standards such as IEEE 802.16 are higher as some of the other wireless technologies are more sought-after to diminish ranges that have been approved for other use.

The WiMAX technology is always supported by the WiMAX Forum which comprises a group of commercial leaders such as AT&T, Cisco, Samsung, Intel, and some other giants. This forum involves many working groups that highly focused on regulatory, marketing, technological characteristics. Moreover the certification working group intends to certify interoperability among WiMAX products from manufacturers internationally

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There are 10 simple points to consider when choosing a Digital Signature Solution (standard electronic signature) for your organization. While not all are obvious, they are critical make-or-break factors for the smooth implementation, management and use of such a system, impacting on every aspect of your business processes. To ensure a low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and a speedy Return on Investment (ROI) from your Digital Signature solution, read on.

1. Seals Documents – This is the basic building block of a true digital signature solution. It guarantees the document is sealed from changes, whether incidental or the result of a late night hacking of your network.
Tip: Only digital signatures based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) technology can truly seal a document. Any other type of solution can be easily forged.

2. Multiple Application Support – Many digital signature solutions support only PDF and Word applications, which may be sufficient support for some. However, if your organization needs to digitally sign in additional programs such as Excel, AutoCAD, and web applications, this type of solution will fall short of your needs.
Tip: Make sure the applications you intend to sign in your organization are supported by the solution you choose.

3. Graphical Signatures – Of the standard applications that have digital signature capacity, almost all lack graphical signature support. This is a major shortcoming. Graphical signatures ensure the signature is visually noticeable, and have a psychological impact: the signer is reassured they have signed the document and that it is legally compliant.
Tip: Occasionally, different graphical signatures are required (e.g., initials, full signature). Verify that your solution has this capability.

4. Multiple Signatures – Many digital signature solutions do not allow altering the document once a signature is applied. This is good in terms of sealing the document, but problematic if the technology also prevents additional users from adding their required signatures to the document.
Tip: If your company requires several people to digitally sign a document, ensure that your solution offers this feature.

5. Zero IT Management – Be aware that the time to deploy a system is typically lengthy and resource-intensive. IT staff can find themselves spending weeks every year managing the selected digital signature solution. Then again, the company may opt to employ an additional staff member to manage the task, or implement a help-desk just to ensure users can digitally sign their documents. Costs can skyrocket.
Tip: Ensure your solution is operational the moment it is deployed on your network, and that the “Zero-Management” requirement on your checklist is met.

6. Compliance – Each regulation has its own specific requirements pertaining to electronic documents. For example, the FDA 21 CFR Part 11 regulation for the Pharmaceutical market has numerous requisites that are not met by most digital signature solutions.
Tip: Review the regulations for your industry and make sure the solution covers all of those requirements.

7. Transportability (Worldwide Verifiable) – Do you want your customers or partners to be able to validate files you’ve signed electronically? This seemingly trivial task is not so trivial at all. Not every digital signature may be transportable outside of your organization. In fact, digital signature technology is not always embedded in your document.
Tip: Make sure your documents can be validated by external users without them having to install a 3rd-party application.

8. Seamless User Registration – Implementing your digital signature solution must be as simple as possible. Make sure that the moment the solution has been deployed, staff at your organization can start digitally signing documents without having to start a “wizard” to enroll or call on the IT department for support.
Tip: Make certain that your solution is capable of automatically and seamlessly updating user profiles from the company’s user directory.

9. Simple-To-Use – Be sure to choose a system that is easy-to-use. You don’t want staff to run a wizard application when they A) load the signature application onto their PC and then B) every other time they want to sign a document. IT staff involvement should be kept to a minimum.
Tip: It should take a single click to ensure your document is sealed and legally compliant.

10. Total Cost of Ownership – Not everyone considers TCO when purchasing a digital signature solution. But to ensure you don’t pay too much in the long run, take the following costs into account: initial product cost, deployment, help desk, digital certificates (which may be a recurring annual cost), and development of support for the application you’re going to sign with.
Tip: Project your TCO three years into the future to reveal any hidden costs, such as renewal of annual certificates.
 

The Microsoft Certified System Administrator is a user who is certified of having knowledge in System Administration of Microsoft Windows Operating System. The MCSA certifies the user as the one having the skills in implementation, management and troubleshooting of the rising needs of Microsoft Windows operating systems.

The MCSA course consists of two exams to be successfully completed. The two exams are the Core and the Elective exams. Both the courses consist of different areas of expertise. The MCSA course exams are as follows:

Core Exam

Windows XP Professional 70-270 Series

This includes the installation, administering resource, configuring desktop, configuring hardware, optimizing, networking and securing the system.

Windows 2000 Server 70-215 Series

This course consists of installation, hardware, control sources to files, folders, web and printers, optimizing server, troubleshooting, implementing remote access and terminal services, configuring disk and drives, networking server and using security features.

Windows Server 2003

The course consists of installation, upgrades, managing disk and hardware, administering resource and shared resource, networking, optimizing system and configuring desktop, using TCP/IP and securing system.

Windows Server 2003 Networking Management 70-291 Series

The test consists of TCP/IP protocol, IP addressing and routing, classless subnet masking and client address notification, dynamic host configuration protocol, domain naming system concept and server, security template, software updating, troubleshooting, LAN/dial up services and security.

Windows 2000 Network Management 70-218 Series

This test contains installing devices, managing group policy, resources, permissions, TCP/IP, remote access, controlling file and web access, monitoring and backing up files, configuring VPNs and terminal services.

Elective Exams

Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 70-284 Series

The course consists of managing exchange recipient objects, address list, policies, computer performance, troubleshooting and security.

Microsoft Server 2003 Administration 70-290 Series

The course consists of managing of physical and logical disks, configuring, monitoring and troubleshooting, managing computer accounts and users, configuring terminal services, using server management tools, managing the web services with the IIS 6.0, management of performance and security, planning and implementation of disaster recovery.

Windows 2000 Network Administration 70-216 Series

The exam contains working with DNS and DHCP, remote access, network protocol, WNS, NAT, IP routing and certificate services.

Exchange 2000 Administration 70-224 Series

The course consists of installation and co-existence, creation and management of recipient objects, group and connectors, deployment of internet messaging, administration of chat services, security, performance, working with clients and backing up of data.

Server 2003 Security Administration 70-299 Series

The test is made up of implementation, management and troubleshooting of security policies, network communications security and patch management, PKI administration, IPSec troubleshooting,

SOL Server 2000 Administration 70-228

The course is of installation, advanced installation, creating and managing the databases, extracting and securing data and its integrity, automation and performance.

Upon successful completion of the course in security or messaging in which five of the above test is to be passed, the user is certified as an MCSA. The completion of MCSA course is an added advantage for IT professionals across the world.

 

A Smart Card or Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) is very small as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process data. It can receive input which is processed by way of the Integrated Circuit Card applications and delivered as an output.

This Integrated Circuit may consist only of EEPROM in the case of a memory card, or it may also contain ROM, RAM and even a CPU.

Smart Cards have been designed with the look of a credit or debit card, but can function on at least three levels, credit – debit – personal information. Smart Cards include a microchip as the central processing unit, random access memory (RAM) and data storage of around 10MB.

Smart Card is a mini-computer without the display screen and keyboard. Smart cards contain an operating system just like personal computers. Smart cards can store and process information and are fully interactive. Advanced smart cards also contain a file structure with secret keys and encryption algorithms. Due to the encrypted file system, data can be stored in separated files with full security.

 

Smart cards typically hold 2,000 to 8,000 electronic bytes of data. Due to those bytes can be electronically coded; the effective storage capacity of each card is significantly increased. Magnetic stripe cards, such as those issued by banks and credit card companies, lack the security of microchips but remain inexpensive due to their status as a single purpose card. Smart cards can be a carrier of multiple records for multiple purposes. The distributed processing possible with smart cards reduces the need for ever-larger mainframe computers and the expense of local and long-distance phone circuits required to maintain an on-line connection to a central computer.

 

Smart Card Usage

 

Computer security: – The Mozilla Firefox web browser can use smart cards to store certificates for use in secure web browsing.

Some disk encryption systems, such as FreeOTFE (On The Fly Encryption), can use Smart Cards to securely hold encryption keys.

Smart Cards are also used for single sign-on to log on to computers

 

Financial: – Smart Cards include their use as credit or ATM cards, in a fuel card, SIMs for mobile phones, authorization cards for pay television, pre-pay utilities in household, high-security identification and access-control cards, and public transport and public phone payment cards.

 

Identification: – A quickly growing application is in digital identification cards. In this application, the cards are used for authentication of identity. The smart card will store an encrypted digital certificate issued from the PKI (public key infrastructure) along with any other relevant or needed information about the card holder.

 

Engineering Services

 

 

 

Vedic Lesson 37

Negative Yogas & Their Divine Remedies

A Yoga means a combination or conjunction of planets. While Positive Yogas impart strength to the horoscope, Negative Yogas mar and destroy all the postive results bequethed by the positive combinations. Prognostication is difficult normally, as all horoscopes are a mixture of positive and negative indications and influences and it is difficult to arrive at a resultant conclusion.

As Vedic Astrology is a revealed Science, revealed to the Seers in Yogic flashes of heightened Consciousness, the remedies prescribed are effective and can ward off negative influences and make man actualise his potential, both material and spiritual, which are the obverse and the reverse of the same coin of Life !

Amavasi Yoga – This Yoga manifests when the Moon is proximate to the Sun. All planets when they near the Sun, lose their virility and become combust. The conjunction of Luna and Sol is known as Amavasi or New Moon. ( Its opposite phenomenon is the Luni-Solar opposition, Pournami or Full Moon ). The native born under Amavasi Yoga becomes weak mentally, as mental strength can only be bestowed by a powerful ( powerful in digit strength ) Moon ! If Moon comes within 72 degrees of the Sun, she is said to be devoid of digit strength. All the significations associated with the Moon suffer as Moon comes within 72 degrees of the Sun. The Moon signifies Mother & Mind ( Mano Matharo Sheetharashmi ). If the Moon is afflicted, there is danger to the native’s mother as well. ( Of course, the 4 H also should be taken into consideration ). An afflicted Moon can also mean that the native will not rise high in the political sphere, as Moon is the Queen in the Celestial Government ( Rajanou Ravi Sheethagu ) ! Amavasi means that the Moon is afflicted by the Sun, who is considered as a natural malefic in VA. Mind will go through depressive Black Holes for the native. Remedial Astrology has it that such natives should fast on Mondays ( Monday being Dies Luna or Day of Moon ) & consecrate to the Divine Mother on Mondays ( The Divine Mother being the Deity of the Moon ), wear Moonstone or Coral, wear the Soma Talisman & perform Soma Homa ( Soma being the name of Luna ), with the Soma Mantra !

Nisva Yoga – This Yoga manifests when the 2 L ( 2nd lord ) is in the adverse 6,8,12 houses. Sva means Wealth and Nisva means one devoid of wealth, as 2 H is the House of Wealth !. This is a problematic Yoga, as Wealth is something highly fancied by this world ! ( This world is a Vanity Fair ). Remedies are propitiating the 2 L (Second Lord) with his Mantra, Yantra & Homa, fasting on his Day ( Sunday – Sun;Monday – Moon; : Tuesday – Mars; Wednesday – Mercury; Thursday – Jove; Friday – Venus & Saturday – Saturn ).

Nirbhaya Yoga – This Yoga manifests when the 9 L is in the adverse 6,8,12 houses. This is another problematic Yoga as 9 H rules Fortune. Luck or Fortune is said to be the greatest quality ( Bhagyanvitha Sarva Gunair Upetha ) and lack of it can lead to a chaotic life. Remedies for this are propitiation of the 9 L on his Day with his Mantra, Yantra & Homa, fasting on his Day and consecrating to the Lord on his Day. Bhagya Sooktha Mantra can be used to counteract this malefic Yoga.

Daridra Yoga – When the 11 L is in the adverse 6, 8, 12 houses, this Yoga manifests. The 11 H is said to be the House of Gains and House for the fulfillment of all desires. ( Abheeshta Labham Khalu Sarvamethath ). Remedies for this are propitiation of the 11 L on his Day with his Mantra, Yantra & Homa, fasting on his Day and consecrating to the Divine on his Day. Lakshmi Mantra can be used to counteract this Yoga.

Dur Yoga – When the 10 L is in the adverse 6, 8, 12 houses, this Yoga manifests. The 10 H is the most important House as it rules Profession. This destructive Yoga can be a formidable block as the native works hard and finds no result ! Remedies for this are propitiation of the 10 L on his Day with his Mantra, Yantra & Homa, fasting on his Day and consecrating to the Divine on his Day.

Sakata Yoga – This Yoga manifests when Jupiter and Moon are in 6/8 or 2/12 from each other. Sakata means a wheel in Sanskrit and the native’s fortunes will fluctuate like a wheel. He will be led through dire vicissitudes. Jupiter angular to the Moon is Kesari Yoga, a yoga which is diametrically opposite to this Yoga. Sakata Yoga can create financial stringency. Remedies for this are propitiation of Jupiter on his Day with his Mantra, Yantra & Homa & fasting on his Day. Sree Sooktha Mantra can be used to counteract this Yoga. Cancellational factor is an angular Jupiter, angular to the Asc and if so, the native becomes a regal person !

Kalasarpa Yoga – When all planets are hemmed in between the North Node & South Node, this Yoga manifests. Till 34, the native struggles hard in life and in Life there will be occasional dips. Even though some scholars opine that K Y is valid only in Mundane Astrology, this Yoga is found to be destructive in Natal Astrology as well. Remedies include performing a Kalasarpa Homa and wearing the Kalasarpa Talisman and chanting the mantras of both Rahu & Ketu

Asura Yoga – When benefics occupy the 8 H, this Yoga manifests. Asu means the sensory organs and one born in A Y will have sufficient sensory enjoyments. Fate has given the native all the resources to enjoy life fully. For a hedonist, this Yoga is Heaven but for a spiritual aspirant, this Yoga is a big block as it can hinder his spiritual progress, his goal being Self Actualisation ! Only from a spiritual perspective have we included this Yoga as a Negative Yoga.

Kemadruma Yoga – This Yoga manifests when the Signs on either sides of Luna are unoccupied. The person born under this Yoga is dirty, sorrowful, low-minded and devoid of wealth ( Kemadrume Malina Dukhitha Neecha Nisva ). Tripura Mantra can be used to counteract this Yoga. Soma Homa & Yantra can be useful in nullifying this Yoga.

Papa Karthari Yoga – This Yoga manifests when a house or a planet is hemmed in between 2 malefics. If the Ascendant ( Personality, Fame ) is hemmed in between malefics , in a P K Y, there may be even suicidal tendencies. Same is the case if the Moon is in P K Y. If Sun is in P K Y, father’s health physical & mental becomes a problem. If Moon is so positioned, mother’s. If a House or Bhava is in PKY, then the significations of that House or Bhava suffer. If the 2 H is in P K Y, then the native will have dire vicissitudes. If the Asc is in PKY, then the native’s health becomes a problem. Remedial Astrology has it that the afflicted planet or house lord should be propitiated with the respective ( the planet’s or the House lord’s ) Mantra, Yantra & Homa.

Malefics in Houses

Malefics vitiate the House they tenant. Natural benefics are Jupiter, Venus, Moon & Mercury. Moon waning is malefic and so is a malefic associated Mercury. Jupiter & Venus become malefics when afflicted by angular ownership ( Kendradhipatya Dosha ).

If the Ascendant is vitiated by a malefic, the native suffers from the hallucination of defeat ( Lagne Papagathe Parajaya Bhaya Siroruja ). There may be affliction to the head. If 2 H, wealth will be afflicted. If 3 H, younger coborns become inimical. If 4 H, mother and conveyances. If 5 H, children. If 6 H, enemies attack the native. If 7 H, life partner creates problems. If 8 H, hindrances and obstacles on the way. If 9 H, Luck will be found wanting. If 10 H, problems in the professional sphere. If 11 H, gains will be difficult to come by. If 12 H, hidden enemies attack the native. There may be even incarceration. Remedial Astrology has it that the afflicted house lord should be propitiated with the respective Mantra, Yantra & Homa.

While evaluating the Yogas, one should check whether cancellational factors are there or not. Cancellation of Kemadruma Yoga goes under the name Kemadruma Bhanga Yoga and a person born under this Yoga becomes a royal personage , like one born in Neecha Bhanga Raja Yoga ( Kemadrume Bhavathi Mangala Suprasiddhi ). A powerful Jupiterian aspect can also destroy negativity. Jupiter in the Ascendant or an angular Jupiter can also remove a lot of negativity. Great care must be taken before predicting the effects of negative yogas, as cancellation of a Negative Yoga becomes a Positive Yoga !

Article by G Kumar, Astrologer, writer & programmer of www.eastrovedica.com. Recently he was awarded a Certificate by the Planetary Gemologists Association Global ( www.p-g-a.org ) as a Planetary Gem Advisor. He has 25 years psychic research experience in the esoteric arts. To subscribe to his free informative Ezine, the Z Files mailto:info@eastrovedica.com?subject=SubscribeZF. His Astro blog is up at http://www.zodiacastrology.blogspot.com & his Philosophy blog is http://transcendentalphilosophy.blogspot.com Mobile 091 9388556053

A digital certificate is an attachment tagged to an electronic message for security purposes. It allows the sender of a message to be verified by the recipient, that the sender is actually the person he or she claims to be. In addition, it allows the recipient to reply to the message in a ‘secure’ way, so that only the sender of the original message and nobody else receives it.

The most important things in Digital certificates are as follows-

• Identification information

• Cryptographic keys

• Digital signature

Cryptographic Keys-

A digital certificate has a pair of coupled cryptographic keys. These are symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic.

Symmetric cryptographic key uses only one key between two parties i.e. encryption and decryption is done by same keys.

Asymmetric cryptographic key uses different keys between two parties i.e. encryption and decryption is done by different keys. These keys always work in pairs i.e. one key is public to all which is only for the owner known as public key and private key is distributed to all the users which is always different from one customer to other. The main work of these keys is to encrypt and decrypt the messages and to secure the whole process of transactions.

Digital Signature-

A digital signature is an electronic signature for verification purpose and provides higher degree of security. A digital certificate owner “signs” an object by using the certificate’s private key. The recipient uses the certificate’s corresponding public key to decrypt the signature, which verifies the integrity of the signed object and verifies the sender as the source. In other words it is a way of authentication of digital messages.

In terms of cryptography (encoding messages), public key (identity) certificates, which are also called ‘digital signatures’, contain information about a person or organization’s name, address etc, which is unique as it is ‘publicly’ available from only one such individual or organization. Typically in public key infrastructure (PKI) schemes, where the signatures are validated by Certificate Authorities (CA), the signing authorities certify that the public key and identity information belong together.

A digital certificate may be withdrawn or revoked by CA’s if it comes to light that the ‘embedded relationship’ between a key and the identity is incorrect or has changed e.g. or has changed employers. In addition, in security breaches, where the privacy of the issued certificates is compromised (i.e. it is reported that more than one person has attempted to use the key) similar actions may be taken. Such occasions of revocation are rare, but it means that even ‘trusted’ certificates should be checked for their current validity or ‘expiry’ status. Although it is the job of the PKI to check and update its certificates, in practice it is not always done. Third party protocols like (Online status certificate protocol – OSCP) queries the certificate issuing server to check the validity instead.

Digital Certificate must contains-

• Name of the organization or individual

• The business address

• Digital signature

• Public key

• Serial number

• Valid Issued date

• Valid Expiration date.

Digital Certificates can be used for a variety of electronic transactions including e-mail, virtual mall, groupware and electronic funds transfers. By using digital certificate we can secure not only the transactions but also the whole process.

The promise of this city is supreme with musical amusement experience knitted together in its authentic and unique culture as well as friendly, unpretentious vibes! With all of these things, staying in Nashville’s fine hotels can truly be a relaxing and unique adventure!

Nashville is known as the state of Tennessee’s capital as well as Davidson County’s seat. Moreover, it is also recognized as one of the most populated cities in Tennessee. It is situated along side the Cumberland River found in Davidson County and bordering the north-central region of Tennessee as well. Nashville is also considered as the center for music, healthcare, publishing, transportation industries and banking.

A lot of movies have already been produced about the city Nashville. Furthermore, many books were already written about this Music-oriented City, possibly enough to fill an entire bookcase. Aside from this, numerous songs have also been made in dedication to this city. However, although music is considered as the livelihood of Nashville, people can also discover its rich culture as well as history, divine cuisines, sports, exceptional academics, natural splendour as well as pure Southern charisma. Nashville is sure to be a place where in both the past and its future harmoniously co-exists. This is apart from being built in order to generate a majestic destination that would fascinate its entire guest’s interest.

As you feel the city’s pulse along its sidewalks, along with the city’s heart for music, the promise of this city as a supreme musical destination will greatly leave a mark in your memory. Add its authentic and unique culture as well as friendly residents and you will only have the best time in Nashville. With all of these, staying in Nashville’s fine hotels can truly be a relaxing and unique adventure!

The three top rated hotels in Nashville are the following:

1. Sheraton Music City Hotel

The Sheraton Music City Hotel is a Georgian-style turf which has 410 large rooms that is situated on 23 acres of landscape. It is conveniently placed in close proximity to Nashville’s International Airport, Opry Mills Mall, the Grand Ole Opry, major interstates, as well as Nashville’s historic downtown.

Room Amenities:

�Air Conditioning (In Room)
�Balcony/Terrace
�Coffee Maker
�Daily Maid Service
�Telephone
�Newspaper (Free)
�DVD/VCR
�Non-Smoking Rooms
�Television
�Refrigerator
�Iron
�Television (Cable/Satellite)
�Mini-Bar

Hotel Details

�410 Rooms
�4 Floors
�Built in 1985
�Airport Drop-off (Complementary)
�Airport Pick-up (Complementary)
�Bar/Lounge on Site
�Business Centre
�Concierge Services
�Internet (Wireless) in Public Areas
�Health Spa/Massage
�Rollaway Bed
�Concierge/Club Floor
�Elevator
�Sprinkler in Rooms
�Hot Tub
�Internet Access in Public Areas
�Parking (Free)
�Restaurant(s) on Site
�Room Service
�Wheelchair Accessible Common Areas
�Electronic Key
�Fax (For Guests)
�Pool (Children)
�Laundry/ Dry Cleaning Service
�Pool (Indoor)
�Smoke Alarm in Rooms
�Pool (Outdoor)
�Gift Shop
�Meeting Facilities
�Health Club
�Pool (Indoor)
�Health Spa/Massage
�Jogging Track
�Game Room
�Pool (Outdoor)
�Tennis (Outdoor)
�Pool (Children)
�Hot Tub

2. Gaylord Opryland Hotel

Gaylord Opryland is situated just about six miles away from the Nashville International Airport. This hotel is just within a few steps away from the Grand Ole Opry and Opry Mills Mall. It is also conveniently located just about ten miles away from the downtown area of Nashville.

Hotel amenities comprise of indoor gardens that is measured to be about 9 acres placed underneath climate-controlled atriums that are made of glass. This indoor garden atrium also has pathways, rivers and waterfalls. In addition to the hotel’s exciting water exhibit as well as botanical garden sights, visitors can also get pleasure from heavenly pampering in the luxurious spa that has been European-inspired. It features an indoor and outdoor pool, private treatment quarters, as well as a fitness centre that is truly state of the art. Various onsite stores sell accessories, bath products, jewelleries, clothing, gifts, kids’ stuff, music, candies, and a whole lot more. As for refreshments and dining, Gaylord Opryland Hotel has restaurants that offers luscious and tasty meals such as Ristorante Volare, Old Hickory Steakhouse, Cascades Seafood Restaurant and Wasabi’s Sushi Bar, Waters Edge Market Place (that has grand buffet), Rusty’s Sports Bar & Grill , Findley’s Irish Pub (which offers nightly entertainment), and several other eating places as well as specialty shops. Close by attractions that guests can also go to are the General Jackson Showboat as well as the Golf Institute at Gaylord Springs Golf Links. As for parking, the hotel offers self-parking that only costs $16 per day and valet parking that costs $24.

All rooms feature irons with ironing boards, hairdryers, safes, electronic locks, two-line telephones that have voicemail features.

Room Amenities

�Air Conditioning (In Room)
�Newspaper (Free)
�Refrigerator
�Telephone
�Television (Cable/Satellite)
�Non-Smoking Rooms
�Television
�Daily Maid Service
�In Room Broadband Internet Access
�Fireplace
�Safe (In Room)
�Coffee Maker
�Kitchen/Kitchenette
�Balcony/Terrace
�Mini-Bar

Hotel Details

�2879 Rooms
�5 Floors
�Built in 1977
�No. Of Floors – 6
�No. Of Rooms – 2881
�Car Rental Desk
�Parking
�Fitness Facility
�Golf
�Swimming Pool
�Business Centre
�Dining
�Meeting Room
�Dry Cleaning
�Conventions
�Health Club
�Pool (Indoor)
�Health Spa/Massage
�Jogging Track
�Game Room
�Pool (Outdoor)
�Pool (Children)

3. The Hermitage Hotel

Subsequent to a renovation amounting to about $20 million, the Hermitage hotel is famous for being Nashville�s finest hotel. Every spacious and elegant guest rooms contain custom finished beds, complete refreshment centres, 5-fixture bathrooms that are marble made, high speed internet connections that is complimentary, full dimensioned business desks, DVD/CD players, three two-line telephones as well personal safes which are huge enough for your own laptop. Their opulent suites and supreme meeting facilities will definitely make your stay in this legendary hotel a complete experience.

Room Amenities

�Air Conditioning (In Room)
�Newspaper (Free)
�Refrigerator
�Telephone
�Television (Cable/Satellite)
�Non-Smoking Rooms
�In Room Wireless Internet Access
�Television
�Daily Maid Service
�In Room Broadband Internet Access
�Coffee Maker
�Telephone (Voicemail)
�Mini-Bar

Hotel Details

�123 Rooms
�10 Floors
�Built in 1910
�No. Of Floors – 9
�No. Of Rooms – 122
�Family Rooms
�Meals
�Fitness Facility
�Wheel Chair Access
�Business Centre
�Dining
�Meeting Room
�Free High Speed Internet
�Dry Cleaning
�Hot Tub
�Luxury
�Conventions
�Health Club

Nashville truly has a lot of wonderful accommodations to provide to its guests. The people are as warm and fun loving, leaving you a remembrance of Nashville hospitality.

Here are some sights to look forward top in Nashville, TN:

1. EXCURSION TRAINS
Tennessee Central Railway Museum
220 Willow St.
Nashville TN 37210

2. COUNTRY MUSIC HALL OF FAME
222 Fifth Ave. S
Nashville TN 37203
615-416-2001 or 800-852-6437

3. BELMONT MANSION
1900 Belmont Blvd.
Nashville TN 37212
615-460-5459

4. PARTHENON
Parthenon Ave. Centennial Park
Nashville TN 37201
615-862-8431

5. ADVENTURE SCIENCE CENTER
800 Fort Negley Blvd.
Nashville TN 37203
615-862-5160

6. CHEEKWOOD, NASHVILLE�S HOME OF ART & GARDEN
1200 Forrest Park Dr.
Nashville TN 37205
615-356-8000

7. NASHVILLE ZOO AT GRASSMERE
3777 Nolensville Rd
Nashville TN 37211
615-833-1534

8. CHAFFIN�S BARN DINNER THEATRE
8204 H-way 100
Nashville TN 37221
615-646-9977

9. WILDHORSE SALOON
120 Second Ave. N
Nashville TN 37201
615-902-8200

10. GENERAL JACKSON
2804 Opryland Dr.
Nashville TN 37214
615-871-6100

11. FIRST AMERICAN MUSIC CENTRE
3839 Murfreesboro Pike
Nashville TN 37013
615-255-9600

12. CUMBERLAND RIVER CHARTERS
4107 Abertdeen Rd.
Nashville TN 37205
615-385-7007

13. GRAND OLE OPRY
2804 Opryland Dr.
Nashville TN 37214
615-89-3060

14. NASHVILLE SHORES
4001 Bell Rd.
Nashville TN 37076
615-889-2941

15. THE HERMITAGE
(House of Pres. Andrew Jackson)
4580 Rachel�s Lane
Hermitage TN 37076
615-889-2941

16. RYMAN AUDITORIUM
116 Fifth Ave. N
Nashville TN 37219
615-889-3060

17. NASHVILLE CHAMBER ORCHESTRA
Nashville TN 37064
615-292-7815

18.THE NASHVILLE SYMPHONY
Nashville TN 37203
615-255-5600

19. GENERAL JACKSON RIVER BOAT RIDE & TOUR
Riverfront Park
Nashville TN 37214
615-889-6611

20. MUSIC VALLEY WAX MUSEUM
2515 McGavock Pike
Nashville TN 37214
615-883-3612

21. NASHVILLE TOY MUSEUM
2613 McGavock Pike
Nashville TN 37214
615-883-8870

22. HISTORIC TRAVELLERS REST
636 Farrell Pky.
Nashville TN
615-832-8197

23. FORT NASHBOROUGH
170 First Ave. N
Nashville TN 37201
615-255-8192

24. NASHVILLE CAR MUSEUM
2611 McGavock Pike
Nashville TN 37214
615-885-7400

25. SKYBOLD LIMITED HOT AIR BALLOONING
220 Colt Dr.
Nashville TN 37221
615-646-9822

26. BELLE MEADE PLANTATION
5025 Harding Rd.
Nashville TN 37205
615-356-0501

27. BICENTENNIAL MALL STATE PARK
James Robertson Pky.
Nashville TN 37201
615-741-5280

 SecuTech Solution Inc is a solution provider and manufacturer of USB security devices used for software protection, Video protection, network authentication and secure applications.

SecuTech Solutions Inc. is a company specializing in software license management business systems focusing on the international market with their class leading UniKey product range. Having an extensive and in-depth range of experience within the Software Management Licensing market, SecuTech has drawn upon this experience to utilize today’s cutting-edge technologies to introduce a COMPLETE and affordable solution for today’s software vendor markets worldwide

UniKey dongles ( Unikey STD, UniKey PRO, and UniKey Lite) were among the first commercial HID dongles worldwide and reflected the leading standards of the time. Today SecuTech has emerged as an innovator in the field. The UniKey time dongle employs the latest security technology and is to be released in August 2008. SecuTech intends to continue to leverage its core competency in smart card related development to provide customers with stronger and more flexible solutions for enforcing their licensing agreements and application security.

In 2008, SecuTech will release the UniKey network authentication token along with its PKI middleware for the Windows platform. UniKey with HID and smart card technology products will be released by the end of 2008, which can securely store digital certificates and internally process encryption algorithms.

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